A point \(P\) lies on the axis of a ring of mass \(M\) and radius \(a\) at a distance \(a\) from its centre \(C\). A small particle starts from \(P\) and reaches \(C\) under gravitational attraction. Its speed at \(C\) will be:
1. \(\sqrt{\frac{2 GM}{a}}\)
2. \(\sqrt{\frac{2 GM}{a} \left(1 - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)}\)
3. \(\sqrt{\frac{2 GM}{a} \left(\sqrt{2} - 1\right)}\)
4. zero

If g is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth's surface, the gain in the potential energy of an object of mass m raised from the surface of earth to a height equal to the radius of the earth R, is 

1. $\frac{1}{2}mgR$

2. 2 mgR

3. mgR

4. $\frac{1}{4}mgR$

The change in the potential energy, when a body of mass \(m\) is raised to a height \(nR\) from the Earth's surface is: (\(R\) = Radius of the Earth)
1. \(mgR\left(\frac{n}{n-1}\right)\)
2. \(nmgR\)
3. \(mgR\left(\frac{n^2}{n^2+1}\right)\)
4. \(mgR\left(\frac{n}{n+1}\right)\)

The masses and radii of the earth and moon are $M_{1,<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>}{R}_1$ and $M_2,<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>R_2$ respectively. Their centres are distance d apart. The minimum velocity with which a particle of mass m should be projected from a point midway between their centres so that it escapes to infinity is:

1. $2\sqrt{\frac{G}{D}\left(M_1+M_2\right)}$                 

2. $2\sqrt{\frac{2G}{D}(M_1+M_2)}$

3. $2\sqrt{\frac{GM}{D}\left(M_1+M_2\right)}$               

4. $2\sqrt{\frac{GM\left(M_1+M_2\right)}{D\left(R_1+R_2\right)}}$

If the mass of the earth is M, the radius is R and the gravitational constant is G, then work done to take

1 kg mass from earth surface to infinity will be:

1.  $\sqrt{\frac{GM}{2R}}$                      

2. $<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>\frac{GM}{R}$

3.   $\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}$                

4.   $\frac{GM}{2R}$

Two identical satellites are at R and 7R away from earth surface, the wrong statement is (R = Radius of earth)

1. Ratio of total energy will be 4

2. Ratio of kinetic energies will be 4

3. Ratio of potential energies will be 4

4. Ratio of total energy will be 4 but ratio of potential and kinetic energies will be 2

A body of mass \(m\) is taken from the earth's surface to the height \(h\) equal to the radius of the earth, the increase in potential energy will be:
1. \(mgR\)
2. \(\frac{1}{2}~mgR\)
3. \(2 ~mgR\)
4. \(\frac{1}{4}~mgR\)

An artificial satellite moving in a circular orbit around the earth has a total (kinetic + potential) energy ${\mathrm{E}}_0$ . Its potential energy is:

1. $-{\mathrm{E}}_0$                       

2. $1.5<mspace\; width="1em"></mspace>{\mathrm{E}}_0$

3. $2{\mathrm{E}}_0$                         

4. ${\mathrm{E}}_0$

A rocket of mass \(M\) is launched vertically from the surface of the earth with an initial speed \(v\). Assuming the radius of the earth to be \(R\) and negligible air resistance, the maximum height attained by the rocket above the surface of the earth is:
1. \(\frac{R}{\left(\frac{gR}{2v^2}-1\right)}\)
2. \(R\left({\frac{gR}{2v^2}-1}\right)\)
3. \(\frac{R}{\left(\frac{2gR}{v^2}-1\right)}\)
4. \(R{\left(\frac{2gR}{v^2}-1\right)}\)

Two bodies of masses ${\mathrm{m}}_1$ and ${\mathrm{m}}_2$  are initially at rest at infinite distance apart. They are then allowed to move towards each other under mutual gravitational attraction. Their relative velocity of approach at a separation distance r between them is

1. ${\left[2\mathrm{G}\frac{({\mathrm{m}}_1-{\mathrm{m}}_2)}{\mathrm{r}}\right]}^{1/2}$                         

2. ${\left[\frac{2\mathrm{G}}{\mathrm{r}}({\mathrm{m}}_1+{\mathrm{m}}_2)\right]}^{1/2}$

3. ${\left[\frac{\mathrm{r}}{2\mathrm{G}({\mathrm{m}}_1{\mathrm{m}}_{2)}}\right]}^{1/2}$                             

4. ${\left[\frac{2\mathrm{G}}{\mathrm{r}}{\mathrm{m}}_1{\mathrm{m}}_2\right]}^{1/2}$