Q. No.| I. | protozoa | II. | Viruses |
| III. | Viroids | IV. | Prions |
| 1. | Only I, II and III | 2. | Only I, III and IV |
| 3. | Only II, III and IV | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
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The major problem with the use of chemicals to control plant diseases and pests is:
1. High cost
2. Ineffectivity against most pathogens
3. Difficulty in production
4. Non-specific nature
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| Assertion (A): | The organic farmer works to create a system where the insects [pests] are not eradicated but kept at a manageable level. |
| Reason (R): | A key belief of organic farmer is that biodiversity furthers health and the more variety a landscape has, the more sustainable it is. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Assertion (A): | The organic farmer holds the view that the eradication of the creatures that are often described as pests is undesirable. |
| Reason (R): | The eradication of the creatures that are often described as pests is not possible. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Statement I: | organic farming is a holistic approach that seeks to develop an understanding of the webs of interaction between the myriad of organisms that constitute the field fauna and flora. |
| Statement II: | An important part of the biological farming approach is to become familiar with the various life forms that inhabit the field, predators as well as pests. |
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Only Statement I is correct.
3. Only Statement II is correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
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| I. | The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is an example of a microbial biocontrol agent that can be introduced in order to control butterfly caterpillars. |
| II. | The bacteria are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees, where these are eaten by the insect larvae. |
| III. | In the gut of the larvae, the toxin is released and the larvae get killed. |
| IV. | The bacterial disease will kill the caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed. |
| V. | Because of the inadequate development of methods of genetic engineering, scientists have not been able to introduce B. thuringiensis toxin genes into plants. |
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 3 |
| 3. | 4 | 4. | 5 |
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Match each item in Column I [biocontrol agent] with one in Column II [pest controlled] and select the answer from the codes given:
|
|
Column I |
|
Column II |
|
A. |
Ladybird |
P. |
Mosquitoes |
|
B. |
Dragonflies |
Q. |
Aphids |
|
C. |
Trichoderma |
R. |
Fungus |
|
D. |
Baculoviruses |
S. |
Virus |
Codes
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
|
|
1. |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
|
2. |
Q |
P |
R |
S |
|
3. |
P |
Q |
S |
R |
|
4. |
Q |
P |
S |
R |
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The free-living fungus Trichoderma can be used for:
1. killing insects
2. biological control of plant diseases
3. controlling butterfly caterpillars
4. producing antibiotics
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Baculoviruses are excellent candidates for:
| 1. | Species-specific, narrow-spectrum insecticidal applications |
| 2. | Species-specific, broad-spectrum insecticidal applications |
| 3. | Biocontrol of fungal diseases |
| 4. | Biocontrol of aphids and mosquitoes |
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Baculoviruses can play an important role in overall Integrated Pest Management in an ecologically sensitive area because:
| 1. | They are effective against a large number of insects |
| 2. | Their use can help in the conservation of beneficial insects |
| 3. | They do not have any adverse effects on human health |
| 4. | They are cost-effective and can be easily applied as sprays by the farmer |
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