Q. No.Consider the given two statements:
Statement I:
During growth, the LAB produces acids that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.
Statement II:
The dough, which is used for making foods such as dosa and idli is fermented by fungi.
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. Only Statement I is correct
3. Only Statement II is correct
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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| I: | An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. |
| II: | Antibiotics may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. |
| III: | Antibiotics are highly effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza. |
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
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| 1. | isolate lysozyme |
| 2. | develop better antisepsis procedures for contaminated wounds |
| 3. | find a cure for the Spanish flu virus |
| 4. | investigate the properties of staphylococci |
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| Organic acid | Microbial source | |
| 1. | Aspergillus niger | Citric acid |
| 2. | Acetobacter aceti | Acetic acid |
| 3. | Clostridium butylicum | Chorismic acid |
| 4. | Lactobacillus | Lactic acid |
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| Assertion (A): | Cyclosporin A is indicated to treat and prevent graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation and to prevent rejection of kidney, heart, and liver transplants. |
| Reason (R): | Cyclosporin A lowers the activity of T-cells. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 4. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
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| Assertion (A): | Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. |
| Reason (R): | Statins act by decreasing the absorption of end products of fat digestion in the small intestine. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
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| 1. | It basically involves the physical removal of particles – large and small. |
| 2. | Floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. |
| 3. | Grit [soli and small pebbles] are removed by sedimentation. |
| 4. | All solids that settle form the activated sludge. |
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| Assertion (A): | Untreated sewage is often discharged into rivers. |
| Reason (R): | The sewage contains biodegradable organic matter and does not require any treatment before its release in natural water bodies. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Assertion (A): | Microbes produce different types of gaseous end-products during growth and metabolism. |
| Reason (R): | The type of gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
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| Statement I: | Gobar gas is biogas, but not all biogas can be called gobar gas. |
| Statement II: | Gobar gas strictly refers to cow dung biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of cow dung only, however, the final product isn’t much different, and gobar gas is usually called biogas by subject matter experts. |
2. Only Statement I is correct.
3. Only Statement II is correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
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