Q. No.Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
Organic acid
Microbial source
1.
Aspergillus niger
Citric acid
2.
Acetobacter aceti
Acetic acid
3.
Clostridium butylicum
Chorismic acid
4.
Lactobacillus
Lactic acid
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| Assertion (A): | Cyclosporin A is indicated to treat and prevent graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplantation and to prevent rejection of kidney, heart, and liver transplants. |
| Reason (R): | Cyclosporin A lowers the activity of T-cells. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 4. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
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| Assertion (A): | Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. |
| Reason (R): | Statins act by decreasing the absorption of end products of fat digestion in the small intestine. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
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| 1. | It basically involves the physical removal of particles – large and small. |
| 2. | Floating debris is removed by sequential filtration. |
| 3. | Grit [soli and small pebbles] are removed by sedimentation. |
| 4. | All solids that settle form the activated sludge. |
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| Assertion (A): | Untreated sewage is often discharged into rivers. |
| Reason (R): | The sewage contains biodegradable organic matter and does not require any treatment before its release in natural water bodies. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Assertion (A): | Microbes produce different types of gaseous end-products during growth and metabolism. |
| Reason (R): | The type of gas produced depends upon the microbes and the organic substrates they utilise. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
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| Statement I: | Gobar gas is biogas, but not all biogas can be called gobar gas. |
| Statement II: | Gobar gas strictly refers to cow dung biogas obtained from the anaerobic digestion of cow dung only, however, the final product isn’t much different, and gobar gas is usually called biogas by subject matter experts. |
2. Only Statement I is correct.
3. Only Statement II is correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
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| Assertion (A): | The organic farmer works to create a system where the insects [pests] are not eradicated but kept at a manageable level. |
| Reason (R): | A key belief of organic farmer is that biodiversity furthers health and the more variety a landscape has, the more sustainable it is. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Assertion (A): | The organic farmer holds the view that the eradication of the creatures that are often described as pests is undesirable. |
| Reason (R): | The eradication of the creatures that are often described as pests is not possible. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
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| Statement I: | organic farming is a holistic approach that seeks to develop an understanding of the webs of interaction between the myriad of organisms that constitute the field fauna and flora. |
| Statement II: | An important part of the biological farming approach is to become familiar with the various life forms that inhabit the field, predators as well as pests. |
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
2. Only Statement I is correct.
3. Only Statement II is correct.
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
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