Q. No.In the RT-PCR test used for diagnosing Covid-19, a higher cycle threshold [Ct] value indicates:
1. a higher viral load in the sample
2. a lower viral load in the sample
3. time after which vaccine needs to be given
4. the effectiveness of the antiviral medicines
1. a higher viral load in the sample
2. a lower viral load in the sample
3. time after which vaccine needs to be given
4. the effectiveness of the antiviral medicines
Match the following columns and select the correct option:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (i) | Typhoid | (a) | Haemophilus influenzae |
| (ii) | Malaria | (b) | Wuchereria bancrofti |
| (iii) | Pneumonia | (c) | Plasmodium vivax |
| (iv) | Filariasis | (d) | Salmonella typhi |
| Options: | (i) | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 1. | (d) | (c) | (a) | (b) |
| 2. | (c) | (d) | (b) | (a) |
| 3. | (a) | (c) | (b) | (d) |
| 4. | (a) | (b) | (d) | (c) |
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Identify the molecules (a) and (b) shown below and select the right option giving their source and use.
| (I) |  |
| (II) |  |
|
Molecule |
Source |
Use |
|
|
1. |
(II) Heroin |
Cannabis sativa |
Depressant and slows down body functions |
|
2. |
(II) Cannabinoid |
Atropa belladonna |
Produces hallucination |
|
3. |
(I) Morphine |
Papaver somniferum |
Sedative and painkiller |
|
4. |
(I) Cocaine |
Erythroxylum coca |
Accelerates the transport of dopamine |
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Read the following four statements (I-IV):
| I. | Colostrum is recommended for the newborn because it is rich in antigen |
| II. | Chikungunya is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium |
| III. | Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants |
| IV. | Beer is manufactured by distillation of fermented grape juice |
How many of the above statements are wrong?
1. Three
2. Four
3. One
4. Two
Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to immunity?
| 1. | The antibodies against smallpox pathogens are produced by T-lymphocytes |
| 2. | Antibodies are protein molecules each of which has four light chains |
| 3. | Rejection of a kidney graft is the function of B-lymphocytes |
| 4. | Preformed antibodies need to be injected to treat the bite by a viper snake |
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A person suffering from a disease caused by Plasmodium, experiences recurring chill and fever at the time when:
| 1. | the trophozoites reach maximum growth and give out certain toxins. |
| 2. | the parasite after its rapid multiplication inside RBCs ruptures them, releasing the stage to enter fresh RBCs. |
| 3. | the microgametocytes and megagametocytes are being destroyed by the WBCs. |
| 4. | the sporozoites released from RBCs are being rapidly killed and broken down inside the spleen. |
Which one of the following techniques is safest for the detection of cancers:
1. Radiography (X-ray)
2. Computed tomography (CT)
3. Histopathological studies
4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Which one of the following options gives the correct matching of a disease with its causative
organism and mode of infection:
|
Disease |
Causative Organisms |
Mode of Infection |
|
|
1. |
Malaria |
Plasmodium vivax |
Bite of male Anopheles mosquito |
|
2. |
Typhoid |
Salmonella typhi |
With inspired air |
|
3. |
Pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumonia |
Droplet infection |
|
4. |
Elephantiasis |
Wuchereria bancrofti |
With infected water and food |
The pathogen Microsporum responsible for ringworm disease in humans belongs to the same Kingdom of organisms at that of:
1. Ascaris, a roundworm
2. Taenia, a tapeworm
3. Wuchereria, a filarial worm
4. Rhizopus, a mould
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Select the correct statement with respect to disease and immunisation:
| 1. | Injection of snake antivenom against snake bite is an example of active immunisation. |
| 2. | If due to some reason, B-and T-lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen. |
| 3. | Injection of dead/inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity. |
| 4. | Certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine. |
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