Q. No.Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A):
If a person is infected with some deadly microbes to which a quick immune response is required as in tetanus, we need to directly inject the preformed antibodies or antitoxin.
Reason (R):
This type of immunization is called passive immunization.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
1.
Both (A) and (R) are False
2.
(A) is True but (R) is False.
3.
Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A).
4.
Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A).
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| Assertion (A): | In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen (vaccine) are introduced into the body. |
| Reason (R): | The vaccines also generate memory – B and T-cells that recognise the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure and overwhelm the invaders with a massive production of antibodies. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are false |
| 2. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
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| 1. | Tuberculosis | 2. | Covid-19 |
| 3. | Bronchial asthma | 4. | Rheumatoid arthritis |
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 |
I: A is thymus and it is a secondary lymphoid organ. II: B is MALT and is a primary lymphoid organ. |
| 1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
| 3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
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| I: | The primary lymphoid organs are where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen sensitive lymphocytes. |
| II: | The thymus is quite small at the time of birth and keeps increasing in size with age. |
| III: | Antigens trapped in the lymph nodes are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes present there and cause the immune response. |
2. Only Statement I and Statement III
3. Only Statement II and Statement III
4. Statement I, Statement II and Statement III
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| I. | AIDS is a congenital disease |
| II. | Syndrome means a group of symptoms |
| III. | HIV is a rotavirus |
| IV. | HIV does not have an envelope |
| V. | HIV can be transmitted by an infected mother to her child through placenta |
| 1. | 2 | 2. | 3 |
| 3. | 4 | 4. | 5 |
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| Assertion (A): | HIV/Aids infected persons should not be isolated from family and society. |
| Reason (R): | There is a time-lag of a few months to many years [usually 5-10 years] between infection and the appearance of AIDS symptoms. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 4. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
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| I: | HIV first enters into the macrophages. |
| II: | Macrophages are used by HIV as a factory to produce more virus particles. |
| III: | The viral cDNA does not get integrated into any cells in the human body. |
| IV: | HIV also enters the T-helper cells and destroys them. |
| V: | The anti-retroviral treatment for AIDS is completely curative. |
| 1. | All except V | 2. | Only III and V |
| 3. | Only I, III and IV | 4. | All |
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| I: | Almost all carcinogens are mutagens. |
| II: | X-rays and Gamma rays are non-ionising. |
| III: | UV rays are ionising radiations. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II and III are correct
3. Only III is correct
4. I, II, and III are correct
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| Assertion (A): | Early detection of cancer is essential for a favourable prognosis. |
| Reason (R): | Early detection allows the disease to be treated successfully in many cases. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
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