Q. No.The figure shows an experiment that demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life. This experiment was conducted by:
1. Spallanzani 2. Francesco Redi 3. Louis Pasteur 4. van Helmont
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| I: | The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) |
| II: | The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. |
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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| I: | All living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such. |
| II: | Diversity was always the same since creation and will be the same in the future also. |
| III: | Earth is about 4 billion years old. |
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct
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1. Existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago.
2. There had been extinctions of different life forms in the years gone by just as new forms of life arose at different periods of the history of the earth.
3. There has been a sudden and dramatic evolution of life forms.
4. Those characteristics which enable some to survive better in natural conditions (climate, food, physical factors, etc.) would outbreed others that are less endowed to survive under such natural conditions.
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| I: | Fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. |
| II: | Those who are a better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. |
| 1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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| 1. | Georges Cuvier | 2. | Lyell |
| 3. | Hugo de Vries | 4. | Alfred Russell Wallace |
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Statement I: The embryos of all vertebrates including humans develop a row of vestigial gill slits just behind the head but it is a functional organ only in fish and not found in any other adult vertebrates.
Statement II: Karl Ernst von Baer noted that embryos never pass through the adult stages of other animals.
| 1. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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Statement I: The hearts in different vertebrates are homologous organs.
Statement II: They have developed in different groups as a result of convergent evolution between them.
| 1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
| 2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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| Assertion (A): | Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism. |
| Reason (R): | It is a stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
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1. The big bang led to the formation of galaxies
2. The Earth was formed around 4 billion years ago
3. Cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic capability originated on earth
4. Life moved to land from water.
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