I: | The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) |
II: | The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. |
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I: | All living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such. |
II: | Diversity was always the same since creation and will be the same in the future also. |
III: | Earth is about 4 billion years old. |
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1. | Existing living forms share similarities to varying degrees not only among themselves but also with life forms that existed millions of years ago. |
2. | There had been extinctions of different life forms in the years gone by just as new forms of life arose at different periods of the history of the earth. |
3. | There has been a sudden and dramatic evolution of life forms. |
4. | Those characteristics which enable some to survive better in natural conditions (climate, food, physical factors, etc.) would outbreed others that are less endowed to survive under such natural conditions. |
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I: | Fitness, according to Darwin, refers ultimately and only to reproductive fitness. |
II: | Those who are a better fit in an environment, leave more progeny than others. |
1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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1. | Georges Cuvier | 2. | Lyell |
3. | Hugo de Vries | 4. | Alfred Russell Wallace |
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1. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I. |
2. | Statement I is correct and Statement II is incorrect. |
3. | Statement I is incorrect and Statement II is correct. |
4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
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Assertion (A): | Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determinism. |
Reason (R): | It is a stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
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1. | The big bang led to the formation of galaxies |
2. | The Earth was formed around 4 billion years ago |
3. | Cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic capability originated on earth |
4. | Life moved to land from water. |
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I: | Nature selects for fitness. |
II: | Fitness is based on characteristics that are inherited. |
III: | Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature. |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
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