Q. No.If you visit Africa you will find an amazing variety of species of living organisms. But you will also notice that different parts of the continents have different biodiversity. This is because the different areas of Africa will have different:
1. evolutionary mechanisms 2. ancestors 3. environments 4. evolutionary times
For differential success in reproduction, all the following must be present except:
| 1. | Gene flow between populations. |
| 2. | Variations must be genetically inherited. |
| 3. | Certain variations allow an individual to produce more offspring that survive in the next generation. |
| 4. | There must be variations in the phenotypes of individuals. |
Identify the correct statement:
| 1. | As the coacervates do not have lipid outer membranes and cannot reproduce, they alone could not have been the precursors of life. |
| 2. | The microspheres could not be induced to constrict but had a large amount of diversity. |
| 3. | The earliest life was probably not driven by solar energy as is seen today. |
| 4. | Protobionts cannot separate a combination of molecules from the surroundings or maintain an internal environment, but are able to reproduce. |
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding an evolutionary trend?
| 1. | It is the continuous change of a character within an evolving lineage. |
| 2. | The number of trends in any lineage is the same as the number of characters evolving. |
| 3. | A trend may be progressive or retrogressive. |
| 4. | Direction and speed of evolutionary trends in a lineage are universal throughout the family and are not subject to variations. |
Which of the following is not a major evolutionary trend seen in the evolution of horses?
| 1. | Progressive increase in the number of toes |
| 2. | Increase in the complexity of the molar teeth |
| 3. | Lengthening of the limbs in general |
| 4. | Enlargement of the brain |
Which of the following is not a proposition of Lamarckism?
| 1. | Living organisms or their component parts tend continually to increase in size |
| 2. | Production of new organs results from a new need due to a change in the environment |
| 3. | If an organ is used constantly, it tends to get developed, whereas disuse results in degeneration |
| 4. | Modifications produced by the above mechanisms during the lifetime of an individual will not be inherited |
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The loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population is called as:
| 1. | the bottleneck effect | 2. | the founder effect |
| 3. | assortative mating | 4. | random mating |
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According to the Darwinian concept of evolution, a giraffe has a long neck because:
| 1. | it was always like that since the beginning |
| 2. | during evolution the number of cervical vertebrae got increased |
| 3. | its ancestors stretched their necks to get food |
| 4. | ancestral giraffes with longer necks got more food and left more surviving offspring |
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Which of the following is not a finding observed by Darwin, when he landed on the Galapagos Islands?
| 1. | Woodpeckers were absent on the islands |
| 2. | The island species resembled the mainland species |
| 3. | Islands contain more different species of finches than the mainland |
| 4. | The corresponding size of the species was smaller on the islands than the species on the mainland |
What causes the ‘struggle for existence?
| 1. | overproduction and imbalance with available resources |
| 2. | innate competitive tendencies |
| 3. | the decrease in the environmental carrying capacity |
| 4. | territories and dominance hierarchies |
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