Q. No.Satellite DNA:
1. Form a small portion of the human genome
2. Code for proteins that are essential for survival
3. Code for proteins that are not essential for survival
4. Show a high degree of polymorphism
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| Assertion (A): | During density gradient centrifugation, repetitive DNA are separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks. |
| Reason (R): | The probability of observing DNA polymorphism in non-coding sequences of DNA is higher than in the coding sequences. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 4. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
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| Assertion (A): | Repetitive units of DNA, micro-satellites, and mini-satellites are the basis of DNA fingerprinting. |
| Reason (R): | DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in cases of disputes. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 4. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
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| Statement I: | involves identifying differences in some specific regions in DNA sequence called as repetitive DNA. |
| Statement II: | repetitive DNA is separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation. |
| 1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I. |
| 2. | Only Statement I is correct. |
| 3. | Only Statement II is correct. |
| 4. | Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. |
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| 1. | Satellite DNA forms small peaks other than the bulk DNA during density gradient centrifugation. |
| 2. | Depending on the base composition (A: T rich or G: C rich), length of the segment, and the number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories, such as micro-satellites, mini-satellites etc. |
| 3. | These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of the human genome. |
| 4. | These sequences do not show any polymorphism and form the basis of DNA fingerprinting. |
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| Statement I: | Since DNA from every tissue (such as blood, hair follicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm etc.), from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tools in forensic applications. |
| Statement II: | As polymorphisms are inheritable from parents to children, DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in case of disputes. |
1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. Only Statement I is correct
3. Only Statement II is correct
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
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| 1. | Polymorphism (variation at the genetic level) arises due to mutations. |
| 2. | Allelic sequence variation has traditionally been described as a DNA polymorphism if more than one variant (allele) at a locus occurs in the human population with a frequency greater than 1.00. |
| 3. | The probability of polymorphic variation to be observed in non-coding DNA sequence would be higher as mutations in these sequences may not have any immediate effect/impact on an individual’s reproductive ability. |
| 4. | For evolution and speciation, polymorphisms play a very important role. |
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| (i) | isolation of DNA |
| (ii) | separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis |
| (iii) | digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases |
| (iv) | hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe |
| (v) | detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography |
| (vi) | transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, such as nitrocellulose or nylon |
| 1. | (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (vi) – (iv) – (v) |
| 2. | (i) – (iii) – (ii) – (vi) – (iv) – (v) |
| 3. | (ii) – (iii) – (i) – (vi) – (v) – (iv) |
| 4. | (iii) – (i) – (ii) – (v) – (iv) – (vi) |
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The technique of DNA fingerprinting was developed initially by:
| 1. | Alfred Sturtevant | 2. | Alec Jeffrys |
| 3. | Thomas Cech | 4. | Fire and Mello |
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Southern blotting is transfer to nitrocellulose sheet from agar gel of:
| 1. | RNA | 2. | Proteins |
| 3. | DNA | 4. | Lipids |
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