| 1. | decreases for conductors but increases for semiconductors. |
| 2. | increases for both conductors and semiconductors. |
| 3. | decreases for both conductors and semiconductors. |
| 4. | increases for conductors but decreases for semiconductors. |
If in a \(\mathrm{p\text{-}n}\) junction, a square input signal of \(10~\text{V}\) is applied as shown,
then the output across \(R_L\) will be:
| 1. | 2. | ||
| 3. | 4. |
| 1. | Light-emitting diode | 2. | Zener diode |
| 3. | Photodiode | 4. | Solar cell |
| 1. | The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with an increase in temperature. |
| 2. | Substances with an energy gap of the order of \(10~\text{eV}\) are insulators. |
| 3. | In conductors, the valence and conduction bands may overlap. |
| 4. | The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with an increase in temperature. |
The circuit represents a full wave bridge rectifier when switch \(S\) is open. The output voltage \((\text V_0)\) pattern across \(R_L\) when \(S\) is closed:
| 1. | |
2. | |
| 3. | 4. |
| 1. | Zener voltage remains constant at the breakdown. |
| 2. | It is designed to operate under reverse bias. |
| 3. | The depletion region formed is very wide. |
| 4. | \(\mathrm{p}\) and \(\mathrm{n}\) regions of the Zener diode are heavily doped. |
| 1. | \(120\) Hz | 2. | zero |
| 3. | \(30\) Hz | 4. | \(60\) Hz |
The zener breakdown will occur if:
| 1. | the impurity level is low. |
| 2. | the impurity level is high. |
| 3. | the impurity is less on the \(\mathrm{n\text-}\)side. |
| 4. | the impurity is less on the \(\mathrm{p\text-}\)side. |
For a \(\mathrm{p}\text{-}\)type semiconductor, which of the following statements is true?
| 1. | Electrons are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. |
| 2. | Electrons are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. |
| 3. | Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. |
| 4. | Holes are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. |
In the energy band diagram of a material shown below, the open circles and filled circles denote holes and electrons respectively. The material is a/an:

| 1. | \(\mathrm{p}\text-\)type semiconductor |
| 2. | insulator |
| 3. | metal |
| 4. | \(\mathrm{n}\text-\)type semiconductor |