Q. No.Match the items given in Column-I with those Column-II and select the correct option given below:
Column-I
(Function)
Column-II
(Part of the Excretory system)
(a)
Ultrafiltration
(i)
Henle's loop
(b)
Concentration of urine
(ii)
Ureter
(c)
Transport of urine
(iii)
Urinary bladder
(d)
Storage of urine
(iv)
Malpighian corpuscle
(v)
Proximal convoluted tubule
Options:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1.
(iv)
(v)
(ii)
(iii)
2.
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3.
(v)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
4.
(v)
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
(Function)
(Part of the Excretory system)
Figure shows a human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions.
| 1. | B-pelvis - broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle. |
| 2. | C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons. |
| 3. | D- Cortex- outer part of the kidney and does not contain any part of nephrons. |
| 4. | A- Adrenal gland- located superior of the kidney; secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown. |
Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of the urine. The hormone ____ regulates sodium reabsorption, while ______ regulates water reabsorption.
1. aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. cortisol; atrial natriuretic peptide
3. renin; angiotensin II
4. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); epinephrine
The greater the number of blood vessels dilated, the ________.
1. higher the blood pressure
2. lower the blood pressure
3. faster the heartbeat
4. slower the heartbeat
Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
(1) macula densa
(2) juxtaglomerular apparatus
(3) juxtaglomerular cells
(4) cortical nephron
In order to produce concentrated urine, large amounts of water can be reabsorbed from:
1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of loop of Henle
3. Distal convoluted tubule
4. Collecting duct
“This segment allows passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity”. Which segment does the statement suggest?
1. Descending limb of Henle’s loop.
2. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop.
3. Collecting duct.
4. Proximal convoluted tubule.
During counter current mechanism, interstitial medullary concentration can be increased upto 4 times due to
| i. | Active pumping of salts from the upper part of the ascending limb. |
| ii. | Passive diffusion of salts from the lower part of the ascending limb. |
| iii. | Passive diffusion of Na+ and Cl– from thick segment of the ascending limb. |
| iv. | Active secretion of Na+ and Cl– into the thin segment of the tubule |
1. i, ii, iii & iv
2. i & ii
3. ii & iii
4. i only
Which of the following physiological changes is not associated with Renin– Angiotensin-Aldosterone system?
1. Increase in GFR
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Increase in blood aldosterone level
4. Increase in tubular secretion
Due to insufficient filtration in the Bowman's capsule, all are likely to happen except:
1. Accumulation of fluid in the body
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Increase in blood urea level
4. Increase in GFR
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