In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents (A-D) in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors:

A.	a bacterium	B.	plasmid
C.	plasmodium	D.	bacteriophage

Options:

1.	(A) only	2.	(A) and (C) only
3.	(B) and (D) only	4.	(A), (B) and (D) only

Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms?

1. Hybridization

2. Recombinant DNA techniques

3. X-ray diffraction

4. Heavier isotope labelling

Which of the following are used in gene cloning:

1. Lomasomes

2. Mesosomes

3. Plasmids

4. Nucleoids

In genetic engineering, the antibiotic-resistance gene is used:
1.  To select healthy vectors
2.  As sequences from where replication starts
3.  To keep the cultures free of infection
4.  As selectable markers

During the process of gel electrophoresis, DNA moves towards the _$\underline{\mathrm{A}}$_ of the electrophoretic chamber as the charge of DNA is _$\underline{\mathrm{B}}$_.
Choose the option that fills the blanks correctly.

         A               B
1. Cathode       Positive
2. Cathode      Negative
3. Anode        Positive
4. Anode        Negative

The enzyme known as molecular scissors in genetic engineering is

1. DNA ligase

2. Transferases

3. DNA polymerase

4. Restriction endonuclease

Genetically engineered plants are generated in laboratory by altering their genetic makeup. This is done by adding one or more genes to a plant’s genome by

1. Biolistic method or Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation
2. DNA injection or heat shock method
3. Fusing liposomes to intact plant cells
4. Bacillus thuringiensis mediated transformation

Read the following statements

Choose the correct option.

If any protein-encoding gene is expressed in a heterologous host, it is termed as

1. Recombinant protein

2. Single-cell protein

3. Humulin

4. Transposon

If a foreign gene is inserted into pBR322 by using restriction enzyme BamHI, the selection process, for identifying recombinants requires plating on all except