Gemmae are the specialized structures produced in liverworts. These are

1. Non-green, multi-cellular, asexual buds which develop in gemma cups.
2. Green, multi-cellular, asexual buds which develop in gemma cups.
3. Non-green, multi-cellular, diploid, sexual spores.
4. Green, unicellular, diploid, sexual spores.

The gemmae produced by some liverworts function as:

1. A water gathering structure

2. A light capturing structure

3. A sexual structure

4. An asexual structure

Select the correct statement with respect to gemmae

a. These are specialised reproductive structures in members of thallophytes and bryophytes

b. These are green, unicellular & asexual buds

c. These are formed in small receptacles located on thalli

d. Single gemma forms two new individuals after germination

e. These are chlorophyllous and multicellular structures

f. They germinate and make monoecious thallus of Marchantia

1. a,d,e and f

2. b,c,d and f

3. c,d and e

4. b,c and f

Read the following statements and select the incorrect
ones
(a) Mosses have an elaborate mechanism of spore
dispersal.
(b) In liverworts, the haploid free living sporophyte is
formed by spore germination.
(c) Vegetative reproduction in Polytrichum occurs by
budding in the secondary protenema.
(d) Marchantia is a heterosporous bryophyte.
(e) Growth of bog moss ultimately fills ponds and lakes
with soil

1. (a), (b) and (c)

2. (d) and (e) only

3. (b) and (d) only 

4. All except (a)

In mosses, the sex organs are seen in:

1. Protonema stage

2. Leafy stage

3. Capsule of the sporophyte

4. Seta of the sporophyte

Read the following statements (IV) and answer the question which follows them

I. In liverworts, mosses and ferns gametophytes are free living.

II. Gymnosperms and some ferns are heterospores.

III. Sexual reproduction in Fucus, Volvox and Albugo is oogamous.

IV. The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(1) One

(2) Two

(3) Three

(4) Four