Read the following statement carefully:

"Further development of zygote depends on the type of life cycle the organism has and the environment it is exposed to."

Identify the correctly matched pair with respect to the above statement

1. Thick walled zygote	Haplontic life cycle
2. Zygote forms new generation, by mitosis, represented by one cell	Haplodiplontic life cycle
3. Zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid generation	Diplontic life cycle
4. Zygote forms multicellular diploid generation	Haplontic life cycle

From an evolutionary point of view, retention of the female gametophyte with developing young embryo on the parent sporophyte for some time, is first observed in:

Pinus seeds cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because:

1. its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination.

2. its embryo is immature.

3. it has an obligate association with mycorrhizae.

4. it has a very hard seed coat.

Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and cuticle is characteristic of:

1. xerophytes

2. mesophytes

3. epiphytes

4. hydrophyte

Mannitol is the stored food in:
1. Chara
2. Porphyra
3. Fucus
4. Gracillaria

Mannitol is a sugar alcohol. It is as stored food in:

1.  Fucus
2.  Gracillaria
3.  Chara
4.  Porphyra

Select the wrong statement:

Development of the zygotes into young embryo takes within the female gametophytes in

1. Adiantum.

2. Selaginella.

3. Riccia.

4. Batrachospermum.