Q. No.Earthworms are:
1. ureotelic when plenty of water is available
2. uricotelic when plenty of water is available
3. uricotelic under conditions of water scarcity
4. ammonotelic when plenty of water is available
Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
| 1. | Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration. |
| 2. | Low levels of antidiuretic hormone. |
| 3. | Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys. |
| 4. | Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex. |
Consider the following four statements (A-D) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rats:
| A. | they have a dark colour and a high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine. |
| B. | they do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water, and have their body covered with thick hairs. |
| C. | they feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water. |
| D. | they excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature. |
Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?
| 1. | C and D | 2. | B and C |
| 3. | C and A | 4. | A and B |
What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?
1. Urine will not collect in the bladder
2. Micturition will continue
3. Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
4. There will be no micturition
Consider the following four statements (a–d) regarding kidney transplant and select the two correct ones out of these:
| (a) | Even if a kidney transplant is proper the recipient may need to take immunosuppressants for a long time |
| (b) | The cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection |
| (c) | The B-lymphocytes are responsible for rejection of the graft |
| (d) | The acceptance or rejection of a kidney transplant depends on specific interferons |
The two correct statements are:
1. (b) and (c)
2. (c) and (d)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (a) and (b)
The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
1. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
Human urine is usually acidic because?
| 1. | hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate. |
| 2. | the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries. |
| 3. | excreted plasma proteins are acidic |
| 4. | Potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity |
Match the items given in Column-I with those Column-II and select the correct option given below:
| Column-I (Function) |
Column-II (Part of the Excretory system) |
||
| (a) | Ultrafiltration | (i) | Henle's loop |
| (b) | Concentration of urine | (ii) | Ureter |
| (c) | Transport of urine | (iii) | Urinary bladder |
| (d) | Storage of urine | (iv) | Malpighian corpuscle |
| (v) | Proximal convoluted tubule |
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (iv) | (v) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 2. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 3. | (v) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 4. | (v) | (iv) | (i) | (iii) |
Match the items given in Column-I with those in Column-II and select the correct option given below:
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| a. | Glycosuria | i. | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
| b. | Gout | ii. | Mass of crystallized salts within the kidney |
| c. | Renal calculi | iii. | Inflammation in glomeruli |
| d. | Glomerulonephritis | iv. | Presence of glucose in urine |
Options:
| a | b | c | d | |
| 1. | iii | ii | iv | i |
| 2. | i | ii | iii | iv |
| 3. | ii | iii | i | iv |
| 4. | iv | i | ii | iii |
A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of?
| 1. | Atrial natriuretic factor | 2. | Aldosterone |
| 3. | ADH | 4. | Renin |
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