For transistor action:

(a)	the base, emitter and collector regions should have similar size and doping concentrations.
(b)	the base regions must be very thin and lightly doped.
(c)	the emitter-base junction is forward biased and the base-collector junction is reverse biased.
(d)	both the emitter-base junction as well as the base-collector junction are forward biased.

Which of the following pairs of statements is correct?
1. (d) and (a)
2. (a) and (b)
3. (b) and (c)                                       
4. (c) and (d)

A p-n photodiode is fabricated from a semiconductor with a band gap of $2.5 \mathrm{eV}.$ It can detect a signal of wavelength 

(1) $6000 \stackrel{\circ }{\mathrm{A}}$                                   
(2) $4000 \mathrm{nm}$
(3) $6000 \mathrm{nm}$                                 
(4) $4000 \stackrel{\circ }{\mathrm{A}}$

The symbolic representation of four logic gates 

                           (i)                                                                              (ii)

                           (iii)                                                                              (iv)

The logic symbols for $\mathrm{OR},$ $\mathrm{NOT}$ and $\mathrm{NAND}$ gates are respectively

(a)    (iii), (iv), (ii)                                            (b)   (iv), (i), (iii)

(c)    (iv), (ii), (i)                                              (d)   (i), (iii), (iv) 

A transistor is operated in common-emitter configuration at $V_c=2volt$ such that a change in the base current from 100 $\mu A$ to 200 $\mu A$ produces a change in the collector current from 5 mA to 10 mA. The current gain is 

1. 75                                2. 100

3. 150                              4. 50

Sodium has body centred packing.Distance between two nearest atom is $3.7\stackrel{0}{A}$. The lattice parameter is 

1. 6.8 $\stackrel{0}{A}$                                     

2. 4.3 $\stackrel{0}{A}$

3. 3.0 $\stackrel{0}{A}$                                     

4. 8.6 $\stackrel{0}{A}$

If the lattice parameter for a crystalline structure is $3.6 \stackrel{0}{A},$ then the atomic radius in fcc crystal is

1. $1.81\stackrel{0}{A}$

2. $2.10\stackrel{0}{A}$

3. $2.92\stackrel{0}{A}$

4. $1.27\stackrel{0}{A}$

The voltage gain of an amplifier with 9% negative feedback is 10. The voltage gain without feedback will be

(1) 90                           

(2) 10

(3) 1.25                         

(4) 100

A p-n photodiode is made of a material with a band gap of 2.0 eV. The minimum frequency of the radiation that can be absorbed by the material is nearly

1. $10\times {10}^{14} Hz$                              2. $5\times {10}^{14} Hz$

3. $1\times {10}^{14} Hz$                                4. $20\times {10}^{14} Hz$

The circuit is equivalent to

1. AND gate                              2. NAND gate

3. NOR gate                              4. OR gate 

In the forward bias arrangement of a PN-junction diode

(1) The N-end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery

(2) The P-end is connected to the positive terminal of the battery

(3) The direction of current is from N-end to P-end in the diode

(4) The P-end is connected to the negative terminal of battery