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Assertion   :       Birds can considerably reduce water loss in the urine.

Reason      :       Birds store urine along with faeces in the cloaca.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Subtopic:  Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Assertion   :       The glomerular filtrate resembles the protein free plasma in composition and osmotic pressure.

Reason      :       The glomerular capillary wall and inner membrance of Bowman’s capsule are impermeable to large molecules.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
 66%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion             :       Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood.

Reason      :       Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Human Kidney: Functions |
 77%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion    :       During micturition, urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters.

Reason      :       Urethral sphincters relax during micturition.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Micturition Reflex |
 58%
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Assertion   :       Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.

Reason      :       Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood.

Subtopic:  Osmoregulation |
 55%
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Assertion   :       In birds and reptiles, main excretory product is the combined form of urine and faeces.

Reason      :       Birds and reptiles have no separate chamber for excretion of urine and faeces.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
 69%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
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Assertion   :       Hemodialysis can save and prolong the life of uremic patients.

Reason      :       Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood by the process of hemodialysis.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  CRF & Hemodialysis |
 88%
Level 1: 80%+
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Assertion   :       Birds drink very little water and insects never consume water.

Reason      :       Birds and insects are uricotelic with negligible water requirement to eliminate nitrogenous waste.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
 78%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Assertion (A): The antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.
Reason (R):  In absence of ADH, water re-absorption is considerably reduced.
 
1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). 
2. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is True but (R) is False.
4. (A) is False and (R) is False.
Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Assertion  :       In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is Hypotonic.

Reason     :      Descending limb is impermeable to Na+, while ascending limb is impermeable to H2O.

  1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
  2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
  3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
  4. If both the assertion and reason are false
Subtopic:  Formation of Urine |
 76%
Level 2: 60%+
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