| Assertion (A): | One-third of all indigenous inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa carry the allele of sickle cell trait. | 
| Reason (R): | In areas where malaria is common, there is a survival value in carrying only a single sickle-cell allele (sickle cell trait). | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). | 
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| 1. | Punctuated equilibrium | 2. | Saltation | 
| 3. | Allopatric speciation | 4. | Sympatric speciation | 
| 1. | Jawless fish | 2. | Armoured fish | 
| 3. | Lobe finned fish | 4. | Ray finned fish | 
| a. | Homology indicates common ancestry. | 
| b. | Sweet potato and potato are examples for homology. | 
| c. | Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution. | 
| d. | Vertebrate hearts or brains are analogous structures. | 
| 1. | a and b only | 2. | c and d only | 
| 3. | a and c only | 4. | b and d only |