One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pest is that

(1) the predator develops a preference for other diets and may itself become a pest

(2) the predator does not always survive when transferred to a new environment

(3) the method is less effective as compared with the use of insecticides

(4) the practical difficulty of introducing the predator to specific areas.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(1) Lichen, an association of fungus and algae is an example of mutualism

(2) Those epiphytes which use other plants for support only and not for water or food supply and are examples of commensalism.

(3) Sea-anemone on hermit-crab is an example of protocooperation

(4) Mutualism, protocooperation, commensalism cannot be included under symbiosis.

The growth curve of bacterial population in lab is plotted against time. What will be the shape of graph?

(1) Sigmoid

(2) Hyperbolic

(3) Ascending straight line

(4) Descending straight line

What is the Greek word for ecology?

(1) Ethology                     

(2) oikologia

(3) Synecology                 

(4)  Hexicology

Bacteria, fungi, lower plants survive in adverse conditions by:

(1) diapause                           

(2) suspended growth

(3) migration                         

(4) formation of thick-walled spores

What are labelled phases A, B and C in given
sigmoidal growth curve?


          A                 B                C
(1) Stationary      Log              Lag

(2) Lag                Stationary    Log

(3) Log                Lag              Stationary

(4) Lag                Log              Stationary

Monarch butterfly escapes from predators by

(1) foul smell                     

(2) bitter taste

(3) colour combination         

(4) rough skin

Which is correctly labelled with respect to the given diagram?

(1) B: Logistic curve

(2) C: Carrying capacity

(3) C: Exponential curve

(4) A: Carrying capacity

Which of the following associations shows mutualism?

(1) Fig and wasp         

(2) Barnacles on whale

(3) Roundworms in human intestine

(4) Orchids on mango tree

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given below.