| 1. | Brought about by development of proton gradient. |
| 2. | Brought about by maintenance of proton gradient. |
| 3. | Brought about by breakdown of proton gradient. |
| 4. | Not dependent on proton gradient |
| 1. | Adaptability to dry tropical regions |
| 2. | Greater productivity of biomass |
| 3. | Presence of photorespiration |
| 4. | Response towards high light intensities. |
| 1. | Randomly to either CO2 or O2 |
| 2. | To CO2 |
| 3. | To O2 |
| 4. | Neither to CO2 nor O2 |