1. Only I and II | 2. Only II and III |
3. Only I and III | 4. I, II and III |
A | B | C | D | |
1. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pelvis | Urethra |
2. | Major calyx | Minor calyx | Renal pelvis | Ureter |
3. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pelvis | Ureter |
4. | Minor calyx | Major calyx | Renal pectoral | Urethra |
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D |
A | Malpighian body | Site for ultra-filtration |
B | Proximal convoluted tubule | Maximum reabsorption of filtrate |
C | Descending limb of loop of Henle | Permeable to water; almost impermeable to electrolytes |
D | Ascending limb of loop of Henle | Impermeable to water; allows transport of electrolytes |
E | Distal convoluted tubule | Conditional reabsorption of sodium and water |
F | Collecting duct | Concentration of urine; allows passage of urea |
1. All except C and D | 2. All except B and E |
3. All except F | 4. All |
1. | A | Urine produced by kidneys exit through this and passes into a common sac |
2. | B | During urination, urine is expelled from the bladder through this |
3. | C | Secretes antidiuretic hormone when blood osmolarity rises above a set point |
4. | D | Structure that stores urine |
(a) | The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as calyx. |
(b) | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
(c) | Kidney is situated between the levels of the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
1. | Kidneys are reddish brown, round-shaped structures situated between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra. |
2. | Kidneys are close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
3. | Each kidney of adult human measures 0.5 - 0.7 m in width, 0.2 – 0.3 m in thickness with an average weight of 120 – 150 g. |
4. | Towards the centre of the inner convex surface of the kidney is a notch called the hilum through which the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves pass. |