The figure shows the events happening during the inhalation and exhalation phases of pulmonary ventilation. Read the two given statements carefully.
I: A shows the inhalation phase brought about by the contraction of diaphragm that increases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of external intercostal muscle that increases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis.
II: B shows the exhalation phase brought about by the relaxation of diaphragm that decreases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of internal intercostal muscle that decreases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
I: A shows the inhalation phase brought about by the contraction of diaphragm that increases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of external intercostal muscle that increases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis.
II: B shows the exhalation phase brought about by the relaxation of diaphragm that decreases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of internal intercostal muscle that decreases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
The figure shows pulmonary volumes as measured on a spirometer. Which of the following will be true?
| I. A+B = Inspiratory Reserve Volume II. C+D = Functional Residual Capacity III. B+C = Tidal Volume IV. [(A+B+C+D) – (A+B+C)] = Residual Volume |
 |
1. Only II is correct
2. Only II and IV are correct
3. Only I and III are correct
4. I, II, III and IV are correct
I: The partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide at Point A in Figure I correspond to that of Point P in Figure II.
II: The partial pressure of Carbon dioxide at Point B in Figure I corresponds to that of Point Q in Figure II.
| 1. Only I is true | 2. Only II is true |
| 3. I and II are true | 4. I and II are false |
Study the given figure showing the neural regulation of respiration in humans and select the correct statements from the given statements.
Statement I: The location of the pneumotaxic centre is the Pons of the brain stem and it moderates the function of respiratory rhythm centre.
Statement II: The respiratory rhythm centre is the dorsal respiratory group shown in the figure and is also located in the Pons of the brain stem.
1. Only Statement I is true
2. Only Statement II is true
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Study the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve given in the figure and select the correct statements regarding it:
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I: The p50 is the pressure at which haemoglobin is 50% saturated which corresponds to about 27 mmHg on the X-axis.
II: A right shift of the curve means haemoglobin holds less tightly onto oxygen and delivers more oxygen to the tissues at a given arterial oxygen pressure.
1. Only I is true
2. Only II is true
3. Both I and II are true
4. Both I and II are false
Identify the respiratory disorder shown in the figure above:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumoconiosis [occupational lung disease]
4. Tuberculosis
Identify the respiratory disorder shown in the given figure:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumoconiosis [occupational lung disease]
4. Tuberculosis
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumoconiosis [occupational lung disease]
4. Tuberculosis
I: A is Oropharynx, B is Nasopharynx and C is laryngopharynx.
II: During swallowing, D prevents the entry of food into wind pipe and E prevents the entry of food into the nasal cavity.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
1. The nasal cavity leads to the larynx, an intersection where the paths for food and air cross.
2. Air enters through the nostrils and is then filtered by hair, warmed, humidified, and sampled for odors as it flows through a maze of spaces in the nasal cavity.
3. The trachea branches into two bronchi, one leading to each lung.
4. During the swallowing of food glottis can be covered by a thin elastic cartilaginous flap called epiglottis.
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