AIDS is characterized by the presence of:

1. Nosocomial infections

2. Iatrogenic infections

3. Opportunistic infections

4. Subclinical infections  

GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in reproduction, acts on

Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake and utilisation.
1. Insulin 
2. Glucagon 
3. Secretin 
4. Gastrin 

Changes in GnRH pulse frequency in females is controlled by circulating levels of:-

(1) estrogen and inhibin

(2) progesterone only

(3) progesterone and inhibin

(4) estrogen and progesterone

The structures that are formed by stacking of organised flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are 

1. cristae

2. grana

3. stroma lamellae

4. stroma

Fight or flight reactions cause activation of 

1. the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate

2. the kidney, leading to suppression of reninangiotensin-aldosterone pathway

3. the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

4. the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels

Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it

secretes and its function/deficiency symptom

__________________________________________________________________
       Endocrine gland       Hormone                 Function/deficiency symptoms
__________________________________________________________________
1. Anterior pituitary        Oxytocin                 Stimulates uterus contraction during
                                                                    child birth

2. Posterior pituitary       Growth                    Oversecretion stimulates abnormal
                                      Hormone(GH)            growth

3. Thyroid gland             Thyroxine                 Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

4. Corpus Luteum            Testosterone             Stimulates spermatogenesis
_____________________________________________________________________

Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily

pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly

in the nucleus)?

1. Insulin and glucagon

2. Thyroxin and insulin

3. Somatostatin and oxytocin

4. Cortisol and testosterone

Given ahead is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.

Options :

      A                B                 C

1. Placenta  Insulin         Vasopressin
2. Ovary     Insulin         Calcitonin      
3. Placenta  Glucagon     Calcitonin
4. Ovary     Glucagon     Growth hormone

Low Ca²⁺ in the body fluid may be the cause of 

1. tetany

2. anaemia

3. angina pectoris

4. gout