The substrate has to go through a much higher energy state or transition state in case of:

1.	Exothermic reactions only
2.	Endothermic reactions only
3.	Both exothermic and endothermic reactions
4.	Neither exothermic nor endothermic reactions

When the co-factor is removed from the enzyme, the catalytic activity:

1. is lost.

2. is reduced.

3. is increased.

4. is unaffected.

What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?

1. ubiquitin

2. chaperonin

3. vimentins

4. cyclins

Locomotion is a very important feature in animals. Considering the frequent need for locomotion in animals, an animal would obtain the greatest benefit from storing its energy as:

1. proteins

2. minerals

3. carbohydrates

4. fats

In an average composition of a cell, the maximum % of total cellular mass [after water and protein] is constituted by:

1. Carbohydrates

2. Lipid

3. Nucleic acids

4. Ions

Where would you expect to find serine and alanine amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

(1) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

(2) Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

(3) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein.

(4) Both serine and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.  

The vitamin Niacin functions as a coenzyme in:

The six most common atoms in organic molecules are:

The unique properties of each amino acid are determined by its particular:

1. R group

2. Amino group

3. Kinds of peptide bonds

4. Number of bonds to other amino acids 

Based on the graph of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, which of the following could be used to increase the reaction rate beyond point C?

1. increase the amount of substrate

2. add more water

3. increase the temperature

4. decrease enzyme concentration