The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at room temperature but are miscible with water vapor in the vapor phase. A suitable method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is

1. Distillation

2. Crystallisation

3. Distillation under pressure

4. Steam distillation

Subtopic: Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds |

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Q496:

The correct order of decreasing stability of the following carbocations is:

I	$ \begin{aligned} &~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ & CH_3 - CH-CH_3 \end{aligned}$
II	$ \begin{aligned} &~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ & CH_3 - CH-OCH_3\end{aligned}$
III	$ \begin{aligned} & ~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ &CH_3 - CH-CH_2- OCH_3\end{aligned}$

1.	II>I>III	2.	I>II>III
3.	II<I<III	4.	I<II<III

Subtopic: Electron Displacement Effects |

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Q497:

The most stable carboxylate ion among the following is-

1. ${CH}_{3} - \overset{O}{\overset{| |}{C}} - O^{-}$

2. $Cl - {CH}_{2} - \overset{O}{\overset{| |}{C}} - O^{-}$

3. $F - {CH}_{2} - \overset{O}{\overset{| |}{C}} - O^{-}$

4. ${(F)}_{2} - CH - \overset{O}{\overset{| |}{C}} - O^{-}$

Subtopic: Electron Displacement Effects |

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Q498:

Match the terms mentioned in Column I with the terms in Column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Carbocation	1. Species that can receive a pair of electrons
B. Nucleophile	2. Conjunction of electrons of $C - H σ$ bond with the empty p-orbital present in adjacent positively charged carbon
C. Hyperconjugation	3. $s p^{2}$ hybridised carbon with empty p-orbital
D. Electrophile	4. Species that can donate a pair of electrons

Codes

Options:	A	B	C	D
1.	3	4	2	1
2.	1	2	3	4
3.	1	4	3	2
4.	4	1	3	2

Subtopic: Hybridisation & Structure of Carbon Compounds |

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Q499:

Match Column I with Column II.

Column I	Column II
A. Dumas method	1. AgNO₃
B. Kjeldahl’s method	2. Silica gel
C. Carius method	3. Nitrogen gel
D. Chromatography	4. Ammonium sulphate

Codes

	A	B	C	D
1.	3	4	1	2
2.	1	2	3	4
3.	1	4	3	2
4.	4	1	3	2

Subtopic: Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds |

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Q500:

Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Simple distillation can help in separating a mixture of propan-1-ol (boiling point 97 ° C ) and propanone (boiling point 56 ° C ).
Reason (R):	Liquids with a difference of more than 20 ° C in their boiling points can be separated by simple distillation.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false but (R) is true.

Subtopic: Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds |

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Q501:

Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies of all canonical forms.
Reason (R):	Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false but (R) is true.

Subtopic: Aromaticity & Polarity |

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Q502:

Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Pent-1-ene and pent-2-ene are position isomers.
Reason (R):	Position isomers differ in the position of a functional group or a substituent.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false but (R) is true.

Subtopic: Structural Isomers |

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Q503:

Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	All the carbon atoms in H 2 C = C = CH 2 are sp²-hybridised.
Reason (R):	In this molecule, all the carbon atoms are attached to each other by double bonds.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false but (R) is true.

Subtopic: Hybridisation & Structure of Carbon Compounds |

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Q504:

Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Sulphur present in an organic compound can be estimated quantitatively by the Carius method.
Reason (R):	Sulphur is separated easily from other atoms in the molecule and gets precipitated as a light yellow solid.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	(A) is false but (R) is true.

Subtopic: Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds |

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I	\( \begin{aligned} &~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ & CH_3 - CH-CH_3 \end{aligned}\)
II	\( \begin{aligned} &~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ & CH_3 - CH-OCH_3\end{aligned}\)
III	\( \begin{aligned} & ~~~~~~~~~~~~\oplus\\ &CH_3 - CH-CH_2- OCH_3\end{aligned}\)

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