V[D]J recombination explains:
1. | the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non self |
2. | cooperativity between innate and adaptive immune responses |
3. | the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity |
4. | hyperresponse of the immune system to allergens |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding Entamoeba histolytica:
1. | Cysts of Entamoeba can survive for up to a month in soil or for up to 45 minutes under fingernails. |
2. | Invasion of the intestinal lining results in bloody diarrhea. |
3. | Infection remains confined to the gastrointestinal tract. |
4. | Infections can sometimes last for years if there is no treatment. |
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Identify the correct statements regarding MHC I seen on the cells of vertebrate bodies:
I: | They are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of vertebrates, on platelets, but not on red blood cells. |
II: | The function of the class I MHC is to display intracellular proteins to cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). |
III: | Class I MHC itself can serve as an inhibitory ligand for natural killer cells (NKs). |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
The most common source of HIV infection is:
1. Blood transfusion
2. Intravenous drug addiction
3. Homosexual contact
4. Heterosexual promiscuity
A drug, sometimes used to overcome the problem of alcoholism, is:
1. Flumazenil
2. Disulfiram
3. Desferroxime
4. Aspirin
The “Window Period” is especially important in the epidemiology of HIV infection as:
1. the individual is normally asymptomatic during this stage
2. the load of virus in the body is the heaviest
3. this is the only infective stage for HIV transmission
4. HIV transmission is easiest during this stage
Consider the given two statements:
I: | Inflammation and infection are not synonyms. |
II: | Inflammations, in many cases, may not be driven by microbial invasion. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Aside from the irritant fibre of ..................., all carcinogens are thought to be ....................... .
1. arsenic, mutagenic
2. asbestos, virulent
3. asbestos, mutagenic
4. arsenic, virulent
Dermataphytosis [ringworm] of finger nails, toe nails and nail bed is called as:
1. Tinea pedis
2. Tinea unguium
3. Tinea corporis
4. Tinea cruris
Some common diseases that are generally considered autoimmune include all the following except:
1. Celiac disease
2. Psoriasis
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. Type II diabetes mellitus