Which of the following would normally be highest in normal resting physiological conditions?
1. Total lung capacity
2. Minute ventilation
3. Vital capacity
4. Functional residual capacity
The volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis can be increased by:
1. Contraction of diaphragm
2. Relaxation of diaphragm
3. Contraction of external intercostals
4. Contraction of internal intercostals
The partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood is about:
1. 104 mmHg | 2. 100 mmHg |
3. 95 mmHg | 4. 40 mmHg |
All the following lead to a right shift of oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve except:
1. Increase in pH
2. Increase in temperature
3. Increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide
4. Presence of 2,3-DPG
A person suffers punctures in his chest cavity in an accident, without any damage to the lungs. It’s effect could be:
1. A decreased respiratory rate
2. Absence of breathing on the affected side
3. Hyper inflation of the lung on affected side
4. An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in deoxygenated blood
Which of the following equations regarding the calculation of pulmonary capacities would be correct?
1. | IC = IRV – TV | 2. | EC = VC – IRV |
3. | VC = ERV + IRV | 4. | TLC = VC – RV |
The formation of oxy-hemoglobin at the alveoli is favored by all the following except:
1. High pO2 | 2. Low pCO2 |
3. Lower H+ ion concentration | 4. Higher temperature |
The sum of expiratory reserve volume [ERV] and residual volume [RV] corresponds to:
1. Expiratory capacity | 2. Vital capacity |
3. Functional residual capacity | 4. Total lung capacity |
The major mode of transport of carbon dioxide in human body is:
1. | in combination with hemoglobin |
2. | in dissolved state in plasma |
3. | as carboxyhemoglobin |
4. | as bicarbonate |
The duration of inspiration can be reduced by:
1. | an increase of carbon dioxide in blood |
2. | a chemical signal from aortic and carotid bodies |
3. | a neural signal from pneumotaxic center |
4. | an increase in hydrogen ion concentration in CSF |