Ncert Exercises & Solutions

36. A sample of urine was diagnosed to contain high content of glucose and
ketone bodies. Based on this observation, answer the following

(a) which endocrine gland and hormone is related to this condition?

(b) name the cells on which this hormone acts

(a) The pancreas is associated with this condition and the related hormone is insulin. The pancreas consists of islets of Langerhans. The two main type of cells in islets of Langerhans are

α

-cells and

β

-cells.

α

-cells secrete glucagon while

β

-cell secrete insulin.

Insulin is a peptide hormone, which plays a major role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. It decreases the level of glucose in blood by increasing the rate at which glucose is transported out of blood and into the cell.

When insulin is dysfunctional or not produced adequately glucose uptake is hampered and hence glucose appear in urine along with ketone bodies.

(b) Insulin hormone mainly acts on hepatocytes (liver cells) and adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue) and enhances cellular glucose up take and utilisation.

(c) Prolonged hyperglycemic condition leads to a complex disorder called diabetes mellitus which is associated with loss of glucose through urine and formation of harmful compounds known as ketone bodies due to protein metabolism.

Diabetic patients are successfully treated with insulin therapy. It lowers the blood glucose levels and give relief to the patients.

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