All organisms are made up of cells, which further organises themselves into tissues,organs and organ systems. Thus, forming the building blocks of organisms cells also the
property of totipotency, capable of developing into a new organism.
Besides, forming the structural unit they perform different specialised functions in the same way as each organ or system carries out in an organism. Thus, exhibiting division of labour
i.e,, cell organelles are specific in their functions.
Structues Functions
1. Cell membrane all cell possess a phospholipid based 1. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, i,e. only selected
cell membrane. material can pass through it.
2. Cytoplasm it is a watery solution containing controlles 2. it functions as a site for metabolism and provide energy and material
concentration of organic and inorganic compounds. for growth and reproduction.
3. Nucleus it essentialy consists of DNA, the nuclear matrix or 3. it serves to store and transmit information to direct the synthetic activites
the nucleoplasm containing nucleus and chromatin. of the entire cell.in also transfer information required for growth and reproduction.
4. Golgi appartus ( Golgi complex ) they constitute of many flat 4. These are mainly involved in packing the materials to be delivered either to
disc shaped sacs or cistermae os 0.5um- 1.0um diameter. intracellular targets or secreted outside the cells.
these stacks are arranged parallel to each other.
5. The Endoplasmic Recticulum(ER) ER is often an extensive 3- dimensional 5. The ER bearing ribosomes on it surface is called endoplasmic reticilum CRER.
network of intra cellular membranes formed by three elements- cisterae, tunles These are involved in protein synthetics and secretion. The er without ribosomes
and vesicles. are called smooth endoplasmic reticulum involved in synthetics of lipids like
steroidal hormones.
