Ncert Exercises & Solutions

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of acidity and give a suitable explanation.

Phenol, o-nitrophenol, o-cresol

Nitro group shows

- I

and

- R

effect as follows

Due to this $- I$ and $- R$ effect of o-nitrophenol, it is a stronger acid than phenol. On the other hand, — ${CH}_{3}$ group produces + I effect — I and $- R$ effect increases the acidic strength by increasing the polarity of — OH bond while + I effect decreases the polarity due to increase in electron density on —OH bond, So, o-cresol is a weaker acid than phenol. Thus, the correct order is o-cresol < phenol < o-nitrophenol.

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