Ncert Exercises & Solutions

An electron and a positron are released from (0, 0, 0) and (0, 0, 1.5R ) respectively, in a uniform magnetic field B = $B_{0} \hat{i}$ , each with an equal momentum of magnitude p = eBR. Under what conditions on the direction of momentum will the orbits be non-intersecting circles?

Hint: The distance between the centre of the paths should be more than the radius of paths.

Step 1: Since, B is along the x-axis, for a circular orbit the momenta of the two particles are in the y-z plane. Let

p_{1} and p_{2}

be the momentum of the electron and positron, respectively. Both traverse a circle of radius R of the opposite sense. Let

p_{1}

make an angle with the y-axis,

p_{2}

must make the same angle.

The centers of the respective circles must be perpendicular to the momenta and at a distance R. Let the center of the electron be at

C_{e}

and of the position at

C_{p}

The coordinates of

C_{e}

C_{e} = (0, - Rsinθ, Rcosθ)

The coordinates of

C_{p}

C_{p} = [0, - Rsinθ, (1.5 R - Rcosθ)]

The circles of the two shall not overlap if the distance between the two centers is greater than 2R.

Step 2: Let d be the distance between

C_{p}

and

C_{e}

Then,

\begin{array}{l} d^{2} = (2 Rsinθ)^{2} + {(\frac{3}{2} R - 2 Rcosθ)}^{2} \\ = 4 R^{2} \sin^{2} θ + \frac{9}{4} R^{2} - 6 R^{2} cosθ + 4 R^{2} \cos^{2} θ \\ = 4 R^{2} + \frac{9}{4} R^{2} - 6 R^{2} cosθ \end{array}

Step 3: Since d has to be greater than 2R;

d^{2} > 4 R^{2}

\Rightarrow 4 R^{2} + \frac{9}{4} R^{2} - 6 R^{2} \cos θ > 4 R^{2}

\Rightarrow \frac{9}{4} > 6 \cos θ

or \cos θ < \frac{3}{8}

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