1. | Competition | 2. | Brood parasitism |
3. | Commensalism | 4. | Predation |
A. | Each fig species is pollinated by only one specific wasp species, making the relationship species-specific. |
B. | The wasp uses the fig fruit both as an oviposition site and as a food source for its larvae, while simultaneously pollinating the fig's flowers. |
C. | In return for pollination, the fig tree sacrifices all its seeds to nourish the wasp larvae. |
D. | This relationship is an example of obligate mutualism, where neither the fig tree nor the wasp can survive without the other. |
Statement A: | Mycorrhizal fungi absorb nitrogen from the soil and pass it to the plant, but increase plant susceptibility to pathogens and to environmental stresses. |
Statement B: | Members of the genus Glomus form mycorrhizal associations, and the fungus derives nutrients like carbohydrates from the plant as an advantage of this relationship. |
1. | Both Statement A and Statement B are correct. |
2. | Both Statement A and Statement B are incorrect. |
3. | Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect. |
4. | Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct. |
Assertion (A): | The interaction, in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitted, is known as commensalism. |
Reason (R): | Egrets always forage close to where the cattles are grazing, otherwise it is difficult for the egrets to find the insect and catch. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |