The principle that describes our inability to precisely determine both the position and momentum of a subatomic particle simultaneously is known as:
1. Rydberg equation
2. Heisenberg uncertainty principle
3. Hund's rule
4. Pauli exclusion principle
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know both the exact position (x) and exact momentum (p) of a particle with arbitrary precision.
Mathematically, it is expressed as
1. \(\Delta x \geq \frac{\Delta p \times h}{4 \pi} \)| Column-I (Parameters) |
Column-II (Expressions) |
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| (A) | Uncertainty of an object | (i) | \({5.29 \times n^2} \over Z\) |
| (B) | Bohr's radius of an orbit | (ii) | \(h \over 4 \pi m\) |
| (C) | The angular momentum of an electron | (iii) | \(h \over mv\) |
| (D) | de Broglie wavelength | (iv) | \(n . { h \over 2 \pi}\) |
If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then the minimum uncertainty in velocity will be:
| 1. | \(\dfrac{1}{m} \sqrt{\dfrac{h}{\pi}} \) | 2. | \(\sqrt{\dfrac{h}{\pi}} \) |
| 3. | \(\dfrac{1}{2 m} \sqrt{\dfrac{h}{\pi}} \) | 4. | \(\dfrac{h}{4 \pi} \) |