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1. α-ketoglutarate | 2. Isocitrate |
3. Succinyl CoA | 4. Succinic acid |
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1. | Eight molecules of NADH + H+ |
2. | Two molecules of FADH2 |
3. | Two molecules of ATP |
4. | Four molecules of carbon dioxide |
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1. Complex I | 2. Complex II |
3. Complex III | 4. Complex IV |
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I: | The F1 headpiece is peripheral membrane protein complex and contains the site for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. |
II: | The F0 is an integral membrane protein complex that forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane. |
III: | For each ATP produced, 4H+ passes through F0 from the intermembrane space to the matrix down the electrochemical proton gradient. |
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Respiratory Complex | Pathway for electron transport | |
1. | NADH dehydrogenase | NADH – FMN – [Fe-S] – Q |
2. | Succinic dehydrogenase | FADH2 – FMN - Q |
3. | Cytochrome bc1 | Cyt b – [Fe-S] – Cyt c1 |
4. | Cytochrome c oxidase | CuA – Cyt a – Cyt a3 – CuB |
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1. | 30 ATP molecules | 2. | 36 ATP molecules |
3. | 38 ATP molecules | 4. | 40 ATP molecules |
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Fermentation | Aerobic respiration | |
I. | Partial breakdown of glucose | Complete breakdown of glucose |
II. | Net gain of only two molecules of ATP beginning with one molecule of glucose | Net gain of many more molecules of ATP beginning with one molecule of glucose |
III. | NADH is oxidised to NAD+ slowly | NADH is oxidised to NAD+ vigorously |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II and III |
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Statement I: | The respiratory pathway is better regarded as an amphibolic pathway rather than only a catabolic pathway. |
Statement II: | The respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism. |
1. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I |
2. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I |
3. | Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
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I: | If fatty acids were to be respired, they would enter the respiratory pathway as acetyl CoA. |
II: | Glycerol enters the respiratory pathway after being converted to PGAL. |
III: | Amino acids enter the respiratory pathway at some stage within the Krebs cycle but never as pyruvate or acetyl CoA. |
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