Q. No.An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of:
| 1. | Ectoparasitism | 2. | Endopararsitism |
| 3. | Commensalism | 4. | Mutualism |
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All the following relations are examples of commensalism except:
1. Sea anemone and clown fish
2. Cattle egret and grazing cattle
3. Barnacles growing on the back of whale
4. Cuscuta growing on hedge plants
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| I. | The anemone provides the clownfish with protection and shelter |
| II. | The clownfish provides the anemone nutrients in the form of waste while also scaring off potential predator fish |
Which of the following options is correct regarding the two statements given above?
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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| 1. | Competition | 2. | Commensalism |
| 3. | Mutualism | 4. | Parasitism |
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Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and:
| 1. | an algae | 2. | a cyanobacterium |
| 3. | a brown alga | 4. | either 1 or 2 |
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In mycorrhiza, the fungi help the plant in:
1. Synthesis of high energy carbohydrates
2. Absorption of essential nutrients from the soil
3. Nitrogen fixation
4. Biocontrol of pathogens
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To get pollinated by a bee, the Mediterranean Orchid, Ophrys, employs:
1. Sexual deceit
2. Pseudo-copulation
3. Reward in the form of nectar
4. Place for laying eggs
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| Assertion (A): | Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists. |
| Reason (R): | The mutually beneficial system should be safeguarded against ‘cheaters’. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
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| I: | Many species of fig trees can only be pollinated by their ‘partner’ wasp species and no other species. |
| II: | The female wasp does not derive any benefit from this relationship. |
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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