Q. No.Which one of the following option gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous wastes (A, B, C), they give out ?
A
B
C
Ammonotelic
Ureotelic
Uricotelic
1.
Aquatic Amphibia
Frogs, Humans
Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach
2.
Aquatic Amphibia
Cockroach, Humans
Frog, Pigeon, Lizards
3.
Pigeon, Humans
Aquatic Amphibia, Lizards
Cockroach, Frog
4.
Frog, Lizards
Aquatic Amphibia, Humans
Cockroach, Pigeon
A
B
C
Ammonotelic
Ureotelic
Uricotelic
1.
Aquatic Amphibia
Frogs, Humans
Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach
2.
Aquatic Amphibia
Cockroach, Humans
Frog, Pigeon, Lizards
3.
Pigeon, Humans
Aquatic Amphibia, Lizards
Cockroach, Frog
4.
Frog, Lizards
Aquatic Amphibia, Humans
Cockroach, Pigeon
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A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates
1. Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
2. Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
3. Juxta glomerular cells to release renin
4. Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?
1. Increase in aldosterone levels.
2. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels.
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels.
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels.
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Which of the following does not favor the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
| 1. Alcohol | 2. Caffeine |
| 3. Renin | 4. Atrial-natriuretic factor |
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Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Glycosuria | (i) | Accumulation of uric acid in joints |
| (b) | Gout | (ii) | Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney |
| (c) | Renal calculi | (iii) | Inflammation in glomeruli |
| (d) | Glomerulonephritis | (iv) | Presence of glucose in urine |
Codes:
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 3. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 4. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
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Aderenal cortex releases aldosterone when activated by:
1. ADH
2. Low potassium concentration in ECF
3. Angiotensin II
4. Renin
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What will happen to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) if efferent arteriole smooth muscle is contracted?
1. GFR will increase
2. GFR will decrease
3. GFR will remain constant
4. GFR will increase initially and then decrease
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All the following are the physiological effects of angiotensin II except:
1. Vasoconstriction in renal artery and afferent arteriole
2. Vasodilation in efferent arteriole
3. Increased sodium absorption in PCT
4. Stimulation of adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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The glomerular filtration rate is most affected by:
1. blood osmotic pressure
2. capsular osmotic pressure
3. capsular hydrostatic pressure
4. net filtration pressure
The functions of human kidneys do not include:
1. Secretion of renin to regulate GFR and blood pressure.
2. Activating vitamin D.
3. Site of maximum gluconeogenesis in the body.
4. Production of erythropoietin that stimulates bone marrow.
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