Q. No.The functional unit of the human kidney is the:
1.
glomerulus
2.
Malpighian body
3.
nephron
4.
medullary pyramids
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The vascular endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes in the inner lining of Bowman’s capsule form:
| 1. filtration membrane | 2. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| 3. Malpighian corpuscle | 4. nephron |
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A series of straight capillaries in the medulla that lie parallel to the loop of Henle are called:
| 1. | arcuate arteries | 2. | efferent arterioles |
| 3. | afferent arterioles | 4. | vasa recta |
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About what percent of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed by the tubules during urine formation?
| 1. 99% | 2. 70% |
| 3. 50% | 4. 20% |
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10 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures in the human kidney are seen in renal ______ and are known as renal ____________.
| 1. | pelvis; calyces | 2. | medulla; pyramids |
| 3. | cortex; columns of Bertini | 4. | cortex; lobes |
All of the following regarding juxtamedullary nephrons in human kidneys are correct except:
1. the entire nephron is located in the superficial cortex of the kidney
2. the renal corpuscle comprises a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule
3. blood arrives at the glomerular capillaries via an afferent arteriole
4. the proximal convoluted tubule leads into a long nephron loop
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The part of the nephron where both hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the tubular fluid is the
| 1. Malpighian body | 2. proximal convoluted tubule |
| 3. loop of Henle | 4. distal convoluted tubule |
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Specialized smooth muscle cells mainly in the walls of the afferent arterioles called the Juxtaglomerular cells secrete:
| 1. ADH | 2. angiotensin |
| 3. aldosterone | 4. renin |
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The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, when stimulated by angiotensin II, that causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, is:
| 1. renin | 2. aldosterone |
| 3. antidiuretic hormone | 4. cortisol |
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Refer the given figure of nephron.
 |
Identify A, B, C, and D and select the correct option regarding them.
|
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