| Assertion: | Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. | 
| Reason: | Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution. | 
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False | 
| 2. | (A) is False but (R) is True | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) | 
| Assertion (A): | Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection. | 
| Reason (R): | After exposure to pesticides, some pests develop mutations that enable them to survive and leave progeny. | 
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |