The nutrients in an ecosystem are:
1. | continuously lost from an ecosystem |
2. | needed as a continuous supply from the outside |
3. | recycled time and again indefinitely |
4. | continuously synthesized by physical forces |
The earth is regarded as “open” system with respect to:
1. | organisms | 2. | chemicals |
3. | energy | 4. | water |
If decomposers go extinct on Earth:
1. | Detritivores will replace them |
2. | Primary production will increase |
3. | Nutrients will accumulate in dead plants and animals |
4. | There will be no effect on carnivores |
A chemical that enters living organisms primarily from the atmosphere is:
1. | phosphorus | 2. | sulfur |
3. | sodium | 4. | carbon |
What is the best description of trophic efficiency?
1. | the ratio of net secondary production to the assimilation of primary production. |
2. | the percentage of production transferred from one trophic level to the next. |
3. | a measure of how nutrients are cycled from one trophic level to the next. |
4. | usually greater than production efficiencies. |
What percent of the energy fixed by primary producers in a typical field ecosystem is received by a secondary consumer?
1. | 0.1% | 2. | 1% |
3. | 10% | 4. | 20% |
The residual, after autotrophic respiration is subtracted from GPP, is:
1. | secondary productivity | 2. | net primary productivity |
3. | standing crop biomass | 4. | chemosynthesis |
Energy and nutrients enter an ecosystem and hence in a community through:
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Detritivores
4. Apex predators
The prime driving force for the water cycle is:
1. | evapotranspiration from plants |
2. | rainfall |
3. | snowmelt |
4. | percolation of water through the soil |
The producers in aquatic ecosystems include all except:
1. | cyanobacteria | 2. | algae |
3. | plants | 4. | zooplankton |