| 1. | This theory was proposed by Alfred Wallace. |
| 2. | Variations are small directional changes. |
| 3. | Single-step large mutation is a cause of speciation. |
| 4. | Large differences due to mutations arise gradually in a population. |
Variations caused by mutation, as proposed by Hugo de Vries, are:
1. small and directionless
2. random and directional
3. random and directionless
4. small and directional