| 1. | Occupy identical ecological niches across different geographical regions |
| 2. | Perform different functions using structures derived from a common ancestry |
| 3. | Develop similar organs independently due to similar environmental pressures |
| 4. | Exhibit analogous organs with no underlying genetic relationship |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Lamarckism | I. | Sudden heritable changes leading to evolution |
| B. | Darwinism | II. | Inheritance of acquired characters |
| C. | De Vries’ theory | III. | Natural selection acting on existing variation |
| D. | Modern Synthetic Theory | IV. | Integration of mutation, recombination and natural selection |