Inspiration can occur if $\underline{}$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $A$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, i.e., there is $\underline{}$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $B$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ pressure in the lungs with respect to atmosphere pressure. Choose the option that fills the blanks correctly.
           A                                 B

1. Intra-pulmonary              Positive

2. Intra-pulmonary              Negative

3. Inter-pleural                   Positive

4. Intra-pleural                   Positive

Factors which can cause right shift in oxyhaemoglobin curve include all except

1. Increase in pCO₂

2. Decrease in pO₂

3. Increase in pH

4. Increase in H⁺ concentration

Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below.

Column-I                            Column-II

a. Inspiratory capacity         (i) IRV + EC

b. Vital capacity                 (ii) TV + IRV

c. Residual volume            (iii) TLC –VC

d. Functional residual       (iv) TLC – IC
    capacity

(1) a(i), b(ii), c(iv), d(iii)

(2) a(iii), b(i), c(ii), d(iv)

(3) a(i), b(iii), c(ii), d(iv)

(4) a(ii), b(i), c(iii), d(iv)

Excessive cigarette smoking leading to damage of alveolar walls is associated with

1. Asthma

2. Emphysema

3. Silicosis

4. Botulism

Match the lung volumes given in column I with their respective values in column II.

 Column-I                                       Column-II

a. Tidal volume                           (i) 1000 mL

b. Residual volume                     (ii) 2500-3500 mL

c. Inspiratory reserve volume      (iii) 1200 mL

d. Expiratory reserve volume       (iv) 500 mL

1. a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)

2. a(i), b(iv), c(ii), d(iii)

3. a(ii), b(iii), c(i), d(iv)

4. a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)

Choose the correct sequence during expiration

(i) Pressure increases in pulmonary cavity

(ii) Volume of thoracic cavity decreases

(iii) Expulsion of air from high pressure to low pressure

(iv) Decrease in volume of pulmonary cavity

1. i $\to$ ii $\to$ iii $\to$ iv

2. iv $\to$ i $\to$ iii $\to$ ii

3. ii $\to$ iv $\to$ i $\to$ iii

4. iii $\to$ iv $\to$ i $\to$ ii

Vital capacity is

1. RV + TV + IRV

2. ERV + RV

3. TV + ERV + RV

4. ERV + TV + IRV

In the human body, CO₂ is primarily carried in blood as

1. Dissolved in plasma

2. Carbaminohaemoglobin

3. Sodium bicarbonate

4. Potassium carbonate

Emphysema is a chronic disorder, it leads to
(1) Loss of elasticity of walls of bronchioles and
alveoli

(2) Surface area of exchange of gases is
increased

(3) Alveolar sacs become empty even after
expiration

(4) Exhalation becomes easier during inflation of
lungs

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is

1. More than that in tissues

2. Equal to that in systemic arteries

3. Less than that in alveoli

4. Equal to that in the systemic vein