The first recombinant DNA was constructed
by linking an antibiotic resistant gene with the
native plasmid of
1. Escherichia coli
2. Salmonella typhimurium
3. Clostridium butylicum
4. Acetobacter aceti

____________ is a thermophilic bacterium that can survive temperatures upto $95°$C. Select the option which fills the blank correctly.

1. Thermus aquaticus

2. Salmonella typhi

3. E.coli

4. Lactobacillus

Select the two core techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology:

1. Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering

2. Genetic engineering and biolistics

3. Chemical engineering and biopiracy

4. Downstream processing and bioprocess engineering

Select the correct statement .

1. A restriction exonuclease cuts both strands of foreign DNA as well as vector DNA at specific palindromic sequences

2. A restriction endonuclease is named on the basis of scientific name and strain of bacteria from which it is isolated

3. All restriction enzymes cut the strands of DNA in the centre of palindromic site between the same two bases of opposite strand

4. When cut by same restriction enzyme, the resultant DNA fragments generate different kinds of sticky ends

Separation and purification by filtration, centrifugation of desired compound produced in bioreactor is a part of

1. Downstream processing only

2. Scaling up and downstream processing

3. Upstream processing

4. Screening for recombinants and downstream processing

Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells?

1. Microinjection

2. Heat shock method

3. Being placed along with the cell into a gene gun

4. Gel electrophoresis

Mark the correct statement for pBR322 as a plasmid
vector
I. Contains relaxed origin of replication.
II. Two genes coding for resistance to antibiotics have
been introduced.
III. There are single recognition sites for a number of
restriction enzymes at various points.
IV. Insertional inactivation is a useful selection method
for identifying recombinant vectors with insert.

1. I, II, III & IV 

2. I, II only

3. II, III only 

4. II only

How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from
restriction enzymes?

1. By adding methyl groups to adenine and
cytosines.
2. By reinforcing bacterial DNA structure with covalent
phosphodiester bonds.
3. By adding histones to protect the double-stranded
DNA.
4. By forming “sticky ends” of bacterial DNA to prevent
the enzyme from attaching

DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis are shown. Mark the correct statement :

Which of the following is not a direct method of gene transfer?

1. Microinjection
2. Biolistic
3. Electroporation
4. Disarmed pathogen vector