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Q. No.\(\mathrm{O}_2\) molecule consists of two oxygen atoms. In the molecule, nuclear force between the nuclei of the two atoms:
| 1. | is not important because nuclear forces are short-ranged |
| 2. | is as important as electrostatic force for binding the two atoms |
| 3. | cancels the repulsive electrostatic force between the nuclei |
| 4. | is not important because oxygen nucleus have equal number of neutrons and protons |
Subtopic: Nuclear Binding Energy |
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The gravitational force between \(\text H\text-\)atom and another particle of mass \(m\) will be given by Newton's law \(F=\dfrac{GMm}{r^2},\) where \(r\) is in \(\text{km}\) and;
| 1. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}.\) |
| 2. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}-\frac{B}{c^2}\left(B= 13.6~\text{eV}\right)\). |
| 3. | \(M\) is not related to the mass of the hydrogen atom. |
| 4. | \(M = m_{\text{proton}}+ m_{\text{electron}}-\frac{|V|}{c^2}(|V|=\) magnitude of the potential energy of electron in the \(\text H\text-\)atom). |
Subtopic: Nuclear Binding Energy |
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When a nucleus in an atom undergoes a radioactive decay, the electronic energy levels of the atom:
| 1. | do not change for any type of radioactivity |
| 2. | change for \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\text-\)radioactivity but not for \(\gamma\text-\)radioactivity |
| 3. | change for \(\alpha\text-\)radioactivity but not for others |
| 4. | change for \(\beta\text-\)radioactivity but not for others |
Subtopic: Types of Decay |
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Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus triton contains \(2\) neutrons and \(1\) proton. Free neutrons decay into\(p+e^{-1}+\nu^{-1}.\) If one of the neutrons in Triton decays, it would transform into \(\mathrm{He}^{3}\) nucleus. This does not happen. This is because:
| 1. | triton energy is less than that of a \(\mathrm{He}^{3}\) nucleus. |
| 2. | the electron created in the beta decay process cannot remain in the nucleus. |
| 3. | both the neutrons in Triton have to decay simultaneously resulting in a nucleus with \(3\) protons, which is not a \(\mathrm{He}^{3}.\) nucleus. |
| 4. | free neutrons decay due to external perturbations which is absent in the Triton nucleus. |
Subtopic: Types of Decay |
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\(M_x\) and \(M_y\) denote the atomic masses of the parent and the daughter nuclei respectively in radioactive decay. The \(Q\text -\)value for a \(\beta^{-}\) decay is \(Q_1\) and that for a \(\beta^{+}\) decay is \(Q_2.\) If \(m_e\) denotes the mass of an electron, then which of the following statements is correct?
| 1. | \(\small[Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left[M_x-M_y-2 m_e\right] c^2 \) |
| 2. | \( \small[Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y\right) c^2 \) |
| 3. | \(\small[Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y-2 m_e\right)c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^2 \) |
| 4. | \(\small[Q_1=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^2 \text { and } Q_2=\left(M_x-M_y+2 m_e\right) c^4 \) |
Subtopic: Nuclear Binding Energy |
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In a nuclear reactor, moderators slow down the neutrons which come out in a fission process. The moderator used have light nuclei. The heavy nuclei will not serve the purpose, because:
| 1. | they will break up |
| 2. | elastic collision of neutrons with heavy nuclei will not slow them down |
| 3. | the net weight of the reactor would be unbearably high |
| 4. | substances with heavy nuclei do not occur in the liquid or gaseous state at room temperature |
Subtopic: Nuclear Energy |
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Fusion processes, like combining two deuterons to form a \({He}\)-nucleus are impossible at ordinary temperatures and pressure. The reasons for this can be traced to the fact:
Choose the correct option:
| (a) | nuclear forces have short-range. |
| (b) | nuclei are positively charged. |
| (c) | the original nuclei must be completely ionized before fusion can take place. |
| (d) | the original nuclei must first break up before combining with each other. |
Choose the correct option:
| 1. | (a) and (c) | 2. | (a) and (d) |
| 3. | (b) and (d) | 4. | (a) and (b) |
Subtopic: Nuclear Energy |
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Suppose we consider a large number of containers each containing initially 10000 atoms of a radioactive material with a half life of 1 year. After 1 year,
1. all the containers will have 5000 atoms of the material.
2. all the containers will contain the same number of atoms of the material but that number will only be approximately 5000.
3. the containers will in general have different numbers of the atoms of the material but their average will be close to 5000.
4. none of the containers can have more than 5000 atoms.
1. all the containers will have 5000 atoms of the material.
2. all the containers will contain the same number of atoms of the material but that number will only be approximately 5000.
3. the containers will in general have different numbers of the atoms of the material but their average will be close to 5000.
4. none of the containers can have more than 5000 atoms.
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Heavy stable nucle have more neutrons than protons. This is because of the fact that
1. neutrons are heavier than protons.
2. electrostatic force between protons are repulsive.
3. neutrons decay into protons through beta decay.
4. nuclear forces between neutrons are weaker than that between protons.
1. neutrons are heavier than protons.
2. electrostatic force between protons are repulsive.
3. neutrons decay into protons through beta decay.
4. nuclear forces between neutrons are weaker than that between protons.
Subtopic: Nuclear Binding Energy |
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Samples of two radioactive nuclides A and B are taken. λA and λB are the disintegration constants of A and B respectively. In which of the following cases, the two samples can simultaneously have the same decay rate at any time?
a. Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA = λB.
b. Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA > λB.
c. Initial rate of decay of B is twice the initial rate of decay of A and λA > λB.
d. Initial rate of decay of B is same as the rate of decay of A at t = 2h and λB < λA
Choose the correct option:
1. (a), (b), (c)
2. (b), (d)
3. (a), (d)
4. (b), (c)
a. Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA = λB.
b. Initial rate of decay of A is twice the initial rate of decay of B and λA > λB.
c. Initial rate of decay of B is twice the initial rate of decay of A and λA > λB.
d. Initial rate of decay of B is same as the rate of decay of A at t = 2h and λB < λA
Choose the correct option:
1. (a), (b), (c)
2. (b), (d)
3. (a), (d)
4. (b), (c)
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