Given below are two statements: 

Consider sunlight incident on a pinhole of width ${10}^3$ $\stackrel{\circ }{A}$. The image of the pinhole seen on a screen shall be:

(a) a sharp white ring
(b) different from a geometrical image
(c) a diffused central spot, white in colour
(d) diffused coloured region around a sharp central white spot

1. (a, c)

2. (a, d)

3. (b, d)

4. (b, c)

Consider the diffraction pattern for a small pinhole. As the size of the hole is increased:

(a) the size decreases
(b) the intensity increases
(c) the size increases
(d) the intensity decreases

1. (a, b)

2. (a, c)

3. (b, d)

4. (c, d)

Assertion: The colour of the green flower seen through red glass appears to be dark.
Reason: Red glass transmits only red light.
1. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. Both the assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: At the first glance, the top surface of the Morpho butterfly's wing appears a beautiful blue-green. If the wind moves the colour changes.
Reason: Different pigments in the wing reflect light at different angles.
1. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. Both the assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Crystalline solids can cause X-rays to diffract.
Reason: Interatomic distance in crystalline solids is of the order of 0.1 nm.
1. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. Both the assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The clouds in the sky generally appear to be whitish.
Reason: Diffraction due to clouds is efficient in equal measure at all wavelengths.
1. Both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but the reason is false.
4. Both the assertion and reason are false.