The magnetic flux through a circuit of resistance \(R\) changes by an amount \(\Delta \phi\) in a time \(\Delta t\). Then the total quantity of electric charge \(Q\) that passes any point in the circuit during the time \(\Delta t\) is represented by:
1. \(Q= \frac{\Delta \phi}{R}\)
2. \(Q= \frac{\Delta \phi}{\Delta t}\)
3. \(Q=R\cdot \frac{\Delta \phi}{\Delta t}\)
4. \(Q=\frac{1}{R}\cdot \frac{\Delta \phi}{\Delta t}\)

As a result of a change in the magnetic flux linked to the closed-loop shown in the figure, an emf, \(V\) volt is induced in the loop. The work done (joules) in taking a charge \(Q\) coulomb once along the loop is:

1. \(QV\)

2. \(\frac{QV}{2}\)

3. \(2QV\)

4. zero