| 1. | \(x\left(\mathrm{kcal}~ \mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) y r^{-1}\) |
| 2. | \(10 x\left(\mathrm{kcal} ~\mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) \mathrm{yr}^{-1}\) |
| 3. | \(\dfrac{100 x}{3 x}\left(\mathrm{kcal} ~\mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) \mathrm{yr}^{-1}\) |
| 4. | \(\dfrac{x}{10}\left(\mathrm{kcal} ~\mathrm{m}^{-2}\right) y r^{-1}\) |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Tertiary consumer | I. | Grass |
| B. | Secondary consumer | II. | Lion |
| C. | Primary consumer | III. | Wolf |
| D. | Primary producer | IV. | Goat |
| Statement I: | The rate of decomposition is not related to chemical composition of detritus and climatic factors. |
| Statement II: | In a particular climatic condition, decomposition rate is faster if detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. |
| A: | Detrivores perform fragmentation. |
| B: | The humus is further degraded by some microbes during mineralization. |
| C: | Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil and get precipitated by a process called leaching. |
| D: | The detritus food chain begins with living organisms. |
| E: | Earthworms break down detritus into smaller particles by a process called catabolism. |
| 1. | D, E, A only | 2. | A, B, C only |
| 3. | B, C, D only | 4. | C, D, E only |
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Hydrarch succession | (I) | Gradual change in the species composition |
| (B) | Xerarch succession | (II) | Faster and climax reached quickly |
| (C) | Ecological succession | (III) | Lichens to mesic conditions |
| (D) | Secondary succession | (IV) | Phytoplankton to mesic conditions |
| Options: | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) |
| 1. | IV | II | III | I |
| 2. | III | I | IV | II |
| 3. | I | IV | II | III |
| 4. | IV | III | I | II |
| 1. | Standing state | 2. | Standing crop |
| 3. | Humus | 4. | Detritus |
| Statement I: | Decomposition is a process in which the detritus is degraded into simpler substances by microbes. |
| Statement II: | Decomposition is faster if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. |
| 1. | Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct. |
| 2. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. |
| 3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. |
| 4. | Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. |
Which one of the following will accelerate phosphorus cycle?
1. Rainfall and storms
2. Burning of fossil fuels
3. Volcanic activity
4. Weathering of rocks
| 1. Decomposition | 2. Catabolism |
| 3. Fragmentation | 4. Humification |