Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of a biological community ?

1. Stratification 

2. Natality 

3. Mortality 

4. Sex-ratio

Which one of the following is not used for construction of ecological pyramids?

1. Dry weight

2. Number of individuals

3. Rate of energy flow

4. Fresh weight

Energy flow in an ecosystem is 

(1) unidirectional

(2) bidirectional

(3) multi-directional

(4) All the these 

Which of the following is/are incorrect:

A. All ecosystems are constant in size
B. In nature food chains exist, not food web
C. Flow of energy in ecosystem is unidirectional
D. Gene flow occurs between 2 different population (of 2 species)

(1) A, C

(2) A, D

(3) A, B, D

(4) A, B, C, D

The important step in the process of decomposition in order is:

Which of the following is false?

I. Quantity of biomass in a trophical level at a particular period is called standing crop.
II. The energy content in a trophic level is determined by considering a few individuals of a species         in that trophic level.
III. The succession that occurs in nearly cooled lava is called primary succession.
IV. Rate of succession is faster in the secondary succession
V. Phytoplankton are the pioneers in aquatic succession

(1) Only II

(2) Only III

(3) Only V

(4) Only I and IV

The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over -a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called primary production, which is expressed as:

(1) g m⁻²

(2) kcal m⁻²

(3) (kcal m⁻²) yr⁻¹

(4) Both (1) and (2)

Which of the following is the functional unit of nature?

1. A plant

2. An animal

3. Ecosystem

4. Environment

Identify the odd one out?

1. Forest

2. Grassland

3. Desert

4. Wetland

Which of the following is not a man-made ecosystem?

1. Pond

2. Crop-field

3. Swimming pool

4. Both ‘1’ and ‘3’