Net primary productivity is the gross primary productivity minus

1. that which is consumed by herbivores

2. that which is consumed by producer in metabolism

3. secondary productivity 

4. loss due to mortality

Which of the following pyramids can never be inverted in a natural ecosystem?

1. pyramid of numbers

2. pyramid of energy

3. pyramid of biomass

4. all can be inverted 

Plants capture approximately __________________ of the sun's energy while other trophics levels capture about _________________ of the energy available to them in their food.

1. 1%, 10%

2. 10%, 60%

3. 10%, 1%

4. 60%, 10%

Which trophic level is incorrectly defined?
1. Carnivores- secondary or tertiary consumer
2. Decomposer- microbial heterotrophs
3. Herbivores - primary consumer
4. Omnivores - Molds, yeast and mushrooms

In general, the biomass in an ecosystem will be greatest at the trophic level comprising.

1. secondary consumers

2. primary consumers

3. producers

4. tertiary consumers

Consider the following two statements:

1. Both l and ll are correct and ll explains l

2. Both l and ll are correct but ll does not explain l

3. l is correct but ll is incorrect

4. l is incorrect but ll is correct

The second trophic level in a lake is:

1. Phytoplankton

2. Zooplankton

3. Benthos

4. Fishes

The limitations of ecological pyramids include all the following except:

1. The do not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels

2. They do not represent relationships between organisms at different trophic levels

3. They assume a simple food chain and do not consider food webs

4. Saprotrophs are not given any place in the ecological pyramids

Most food chains are composed of 

1. 1 or 2 species

2. 3 or 4 species

3. 9 or 10 species

4. More than 16 species

Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic community is

known as 

1. divergence

2. stratification

3. zonation

4. pyramid